The Issue Of Income Inequality Essay - 1236 Words

Income inequality has slowly become an issue gaining momentum over the last thirty-five years, did we see it coming, I think so. It has always been an issues, only after decades of misleading political leadership spanning decades are people finally fed-up of being misled and lied to. The current election for the next president has brought about a voice of the American people to demand a change within our three failing political systems that govern America. Only this change, I believe is going to bring a country to its knees, the wealth holders are not, going to just step aside and willing unlock the scales of wealth that to encumber its poor, they are going to dig in and hold fast to what they have stolen and hoarded since the time of slavery. Broken at the foundation- Congress failed in its obligation to keep a close watch on the small increasing hikes in taxation, that repeatedly brought sanctions on the poor, that created a false redistribution of wealth in America, for the last three decades’ income disparity has reach an all-time high for selective groups of Americans. The government influenced income inequality and growth by shifting support to ambiguous government supported programs, that benefitted a selective groups of Americans by lessening their taxation rate, while snowballing the tax imposed on the poorest Americans. The riches 1 - 10% have accumulated an increase in wealth approximately 7.5 times over the normal working household in the US. â€Å"The articleShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Income Inequality Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most deeply divisive issues in the United States is the question of income inequality: whether it exists and whether we are obliged to address it. The â€Å" American Dream† ideology which permeates most aspects of our daily life, influences an automatic response to income inequality to be that those at the bottom are not working hard enough and that those at the top have earned their wealth through hard work. These perceptions of poverty and inequality limit productive conversation that canRead MoreThe Issue Of Income Inequality2307 Words   |  10 PagesThe issue of income inequality in the United States is complicated and does not have a definite answer. Income inequality can be measured in a few different ways. The first measurement for the income inequality in a country is to look at the percentages on households and group them into income categories, called distribution by income category. The second measurement for income inequality is called distribution by quintiles or fifths. This is when you divide the total number of people, householdsRead MoreThe Social Issue Of The Income Inequality Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesTh e social issue of the income inequality In today’s modern world, as the technology has developed better daily, whereas the gap referred to income inequality between rich and poor still has not solved but has widened. Income inequality simply refers to the extent to which income is unevenly and unreasonably distributed in manner among a population. The inequality brings economic instability, but sadly most people are not relatively concerned about the wide inequality between classes. Ever sinceRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Income Inequality1060 Words   |  5 Pagesthe issue of gender income inequality in terms of age. Gender income inequality can be described as the unequal treatment between men and women in terms of revenue, and has been an issue for women for a long period of time. According to Workplace Gender Equality Agency, the average gender pay gap between full-time men and women increases in accordance to age, when the gap begins to narrow due to reduced income in retirement. This report will explain the ma in issue of gender income inequality in termsRead MoreIncome Inequality Is A Tough Policy Issue901 Words   |  4 Pages Income Inequality is a tough policy issue to tackle and relate to the texts the class has been assigned to read. This particular policy issue is rather difficult to give insight on because income inequality is widespread and immense, yet most of Washington and mainstream America will not address this critical matter in question that is happening all over the country. Beliefs are blinding the majority of America when it comes to how money is distributed throughout the social classes and minoritiesRead MoreThe Issue Of Income Inequality And Minimum Wage1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter than that of China or India, money, or the lack thereof, is one of the biggest issues plaguing the Unites States of America. One of the key issues that have risen in recent times on the media is the widening wage gap between the rich and the poor, and the debate on whether or not an increase in minimum wage could solve the problem. While the whole nation would like to solve the issue of income inequality and minimum wage, the focus of this argumentative paper will be on the state of CaliforniaRead MoreCurrent Social Issues : Income Inequality767 Words   |  4 Pages 1) Why to study? Overview of current social issues - income inequality Unequal distribution of income has significantly impacted individuals in the global workforce. In particular, the maldistribution of wealth has lead to various issues in the US society as well, not only economically, but also psychologically. Prior research shows that lower income status is positively associated with exposure to stressors and negative life events (Lantz et. al, 2005ï ¼Å' Santiago, Wadsworth Stump, 2011) In otherRead MoreWhy Is Income Inequality an Important Issue for the Chinese Society and Its Future Economic Growth?2192 Words   |  9 PagesWhy is income inequality an important issue for the Chinese society and its future economic growth? Introduction Nowadays, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The GDP (gross domestic product) of china was growing at 9.7% per year in average since 1978, which the year of Chinese â€Å"open door† politic founded. China also has become the biggest producer and consumer in many key agricultural and industrial markets and the largest FDI recipient among the developing countries. TheRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Income Inequality1721 Words   |  7 PagesMill and Income Inequality Many great economic thinkers throughout history has offered various differing yet interrelated views and ideas that may prove useful to the analysis of current issues in modern economics. A persistent issue in the modern economy is income inequality whereby the distribution of income among the population is unequal. This means that the gap between the rich and the poor increases over time if the issue is not appropriately addressed. In exploring the issue of income inequalityRead MoreIncome Inequality : Not All Live Equal Lives1198 Words   |  5 PagesIncome inequality is a major issue throughout society in the United States of America, due to a corrupt and inconsistent economy that is displayed for individuals to suffer through. Those who are rich or poor in the United States of America should not all live equal lives. Yes, rich people benefit the most from income inequality, however they do not participate towards a fair level of taxpaying commitment, in comparison to those indiv iduals who live low or middle class lifestyles. Anger occurs frequently

Chemical and Physical Changes Lab Report Free Essays

Also, be cautious as to not inhale the chemicals. Because the glassware is glass, they may break and as such must be handled gently. All glassware should be inspected for cracks before starting the lab. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical and Physical Changes Lab Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ill. Pre-Lab Questions- 1 . Identify the following as either chemical or physical changes: A. Striking a match- Chemical B. Food Spoiling- Chemical C. Breaking a Glass- Physical D. Mowing the Grass- Physical E. Leaves Decaying- Chemical F. Boiling Water- Physical 2. In your own words, state the Law of Conservation of Mass: The Law of the Conservation of Matter says the matter can be neither created nor destroyed. 3. List he indicators of a chemical change: Chemical change can be illustrated in many forms such as rust, decay, light being produced, heat being given off or cold being given off, and color change. These are simply a few and are not all of them. 4. Identify each as an element, compound, or mixture: A. Alarm- Compound B. Sulfur- Element C. Hydrogen Gas- Element D. Salad- Mixture E. Water- Compound F. Sodium Bicarbonate- Compound G. Fruit Punch- Compound H. Sodium Chloride (table salt)- Compound ‘V. Procedure- Experiment 1- Combine a few iron filings along with sulfur powder on an unused piece of paper. Mix the samples well with a scoopful. Examine the mixture with a magnifying glass and record your observation. Next, move the magnet under the mixture and reexamine It with a magnifying glass once again and record the observations. Discard the sample. Experiment 2- Fill a small beaker half way with cold water. Obtain a test tube with warm bath water and add the warm bath water with the cold water in the water and placing it in the trash can and dump the water down the sink. Experiment 3- Place a piece of magnesium in a clean, dry test tube. Next, add 10 drops of MM HCI. Record observations. Carefully touch the bottom of the test tube to check for the change in temperatures. Flush contents down the sink with plenty of water. Experiment 4- Transfer small amounts of sodium bicarbonate into a clean, dry test tube. Add 10 drops of MM HCI individually. Touch the bottom of the test tube and record all observations. Wash all the leftovers down the sink. Experiment 5- Mix 10 drops of barium chloride solution in a test tube with sodium sulfate solution. Record all observations in the data table and then pour down the sink. Experiment 6- Mix a small scoop of sodium chloride with 2 ml of water in a test tube. Record all observations and wash down the sink. V. Data and Observations- Experiment # Mass and Observations Chemical or Physical? When the magnet was held under the piece of paper, the iron stood up and followed the magnet physical 2 The warm water became a solid when added to the cold water physical 3 When the MM HCI was added, the liquids began to bubble and heat up, which is exothermic chemical 4 When the MM HCI was added, the liquids began to bubble once again and the liquids lolled, which was endothermic chemical 5 When the barium chloride was added, the color changed and the consistency changed to a more milky consistency physical 6 When the small scoop of sodium chloride was added to the water, nothing could be observed as happening physical VI. Calculations- VI’. Post Lab Questions- 1. In which lab did you observe a precipitate? A precipitate was observed in experiment number 2. 2. In which did you observe energy change? An energy change was observed in experiment number 1 when potential energy changed to mechanical energy. . In which did you observe a color change? A color was observed in experiment was observed in experiment number 5 when it became a milky color. 4. In which did you observe the formation of a gas? Gases of any sort. VIII. Conclusion- The purpose of this lab was to identify what a chemical change and what a physical change is. A chemical change is when bonds are broken and new ones are forced to form. Some indicators are a change are exothermic (heats up), endothermic (cools of, precipitate (solid forms), and color change. In the first experiment when the agent was under the sheet of paper with the iron filings, the iron filings stood up on their end and followed the magnet around, changing from potential energy into mechanical energy. In the second experiment performed, a precipitate formed, a solid was formed out of the warm water when it was added to the cold water. In experiment three, an exothermic change occurred when the magnesium and MM HCI where combined, resulting in bubbling of the two and then the test tube heating up. Then in experiment four, an endothermic change occurred when the sodium carbonate and MM HCI were combined in the test tube and the test tube cooled down. In experiment five, there was a color change when the barium chlorine and sodium sulfate were combined resulting in a new milky color which also now had a milky consistency. In the sixth experiment, as far as I could tell, nothing happened in the sixth experiment. ‘X. Error Analysis- The only possible error I can see is if my group made an error of some sort of error in experiment number 6 when nothing happened, and it Just seems like something should have happened in the experiment. How to cite Chemical and Physical Changes Lab Report, Papers

Domestic and Family Violence in Australia

Question: Define domestic and family violence and outline what government policies and funding arrangements are prioritised in Australia on the issue. Do you agree with what is prioritised? Give reasons for your answer. Answer: Do you know what domestic violence entails? Have you subjected or been subjected to domestic violence unknowingly? Domestic violence is interpersonal violence occurring in domestic settings and family relationships commonly used to refer to violence by a man to his wife or sexual partner (Alexander 2002). However, in a broader perspective, it also refers to violence between same sex sexual partners, women against men and among members of a family. The terms Domestic and family violence are used interchangeably referring to different forms such a coercion, physical, emotional or other forms of abuse (Alexander 2002). In this paper, focus is tuned to family and domestic violence in Australia emphasizing on the government policy on the same. In reference to Bagshaw (2000), women form a significant fraction of domestic violence victims as per the Australian police data, which focuses but not restricted to physical and sexual violence. Its not easy to tell how many Australians face domestic and family violence as studies indicate that only 14% cases are reported. Fear of revenge or embarrassment hinder the victims from reporting as well as the belief that the authorities might not help. Data from the Australian population survey indicate that women generally have a higher probability of being abused than men. In 2010 for instance, according to Flood (2006)69.2% of domestic violence victims were women and only 30.8% of them were men. Unfortunately, Children, infants and adolescents are always secondary victims of domestic violence due to the psychological and emotional effects to their development. Domestic and family violence can take various forms discussed below. Physical abuse is where the perpetrator directly assaults the body of the victim. It can be by beating them or their children, locking them out, destroying property and any other action that results to physical harm. Sexual abuse is any form of coerced sexual activity or sexual degradation. Sexual abuse can result to pain, unwanted pregnancies and transmission of sexual transmitted infections. In verbal abuse, the perpetrator verbally attacks the victim affecting their capacity in terms of parenting, body image and intelligence. Its aim is to make the victim lose their feeling of worth. Emotional abuse is seen where the victim is made to take the blame for issues happening in the relationship of family. The victim continuously compares the victim with others to brim down their self-esteem and withdraws from them. On social abuse, the victim is restricted from going out to meet people or taken to non-familiar places. Spiritual abuse denies the victim freedom to attend ceremonies, observe the religious beliefs or worse still the victim uses traditions as an excuse for violence. Treatment of women like objects and not human is an example of such a tradition that excuses violence. When the perpetrator takes control of all finances leaving the victim with little to take care of their needs, this is economic abuse. Regardless of whichever form the violence takes, death, illness and homelessness are the immediate impacts of domestic violence. Surprisingly, domestic violence is the number one cause of homicide in Australia with about 39% of all cases between 2010 and 2012 happening in domestic relationships (Marcus2007). The above impacts and statistics on domestic violence have compelled the government into coming up with relevant policies on the same. Law enforcement, victim support and preventive programs are the basis for these policies. In Australia, every jurisdiction has several laws and programs acting to and preventing domestic and family violence. Each jurisdiction funds its programs though government funded programs are there as well. The Australian government introduced a national council in May 2008 with an aim of reducing women and children violence. The national council identified necessity for collaboration between the government and its states in establishing an integrated approach to domestic violence. The council identified challenges such as lack of finances, lack of primary prevention, existence of gaps between policies intention and implementation in the prevention of domestic violence. In response to challenges identified by the national council, the government agreed to invest $42 million to address these draw backs (Marcus 2007). A telephone and an online counselling service was established for the sake of those at risk or have experiences violence. In addition, the concept of respectful relationships was established in schools. In 2009 the council of Australian government adopted the national plan to reduce violence against women and children. The national plans implementation was through four action plans for three years with the first one being building a strong foundation. The anticipated outcomes for this action plan were; respectful relationships, strong indigenous communities, violence free communities and just responses to perpetrators. For the success of these outcomes, the government granted $ 44 million. In 2011 the government increased commitment by expanding primary care projects, establishing a national register for violence orders and granting funds for fighting alcohol and drugs in aboriginal communities. The other initiative taken by the government to stop domestic violence is engagement of men and boys in the campaign. Pease (2008) argues that even if men are the most common perpetrators of domestic violence, using them as tools to fight it is an essential factor. the white ribbon campaign is a male led public action to fight mens violence against women. Focus of men as tools of prevention is a significant shift since men for a long time have been perpetrators. The white ribbon foundation argues that because its a minority of men who discriminate and mistreat women and girls, its the role of the majority of men to come up with a culture against this act. Using men to stop domestic violence is facilitated by a number of reasons. Men shape their attitude and behavior from their male peers. (Pease 2008) explains that it is easy for a man to adopt what he hears from a fellow man than from anybody else. In many cases all male groups have the ability to organize a platform for men to talk and organize initiatives. Also, male educators pose as examples to other male counterparts in exercising nonviolent masculine practices as well as demonstrating respect for women. Men are taken by other men as more credible in giving advice and directions on issues affecting them as well as the fact that they are in a better position to express responsibility against actions of violence towards women. Educating children and young people on violence prevention is another approach taken by Australian government (Weissman 2007). Children and young people are influenced by violence in their families as well as attitudes and norms that support violence. Exposure is visible in the lives of these young people. Weissman (2007) states that early interventions involving education on respectful relationships is important in preventing violence, since they will have lasting benefits on their future relationships. Using this framework, the Australian government has come up with guidelines emphasizing on the importance of a unified structure that is relevant, culturally sensitive and comprehensive. In addition the government funds education on respectful relationships whose primary focus is to raise a generation that will treat their partners with respect. As part of domestic violence prevention, the government is working with the Australian curriculum assessment and reporting authority, (ACARA) to include education on respectful relationships in the Australian curriculum. This will be important in instilling values necessary for students to be part of nonviolent relationships, eventually doing away with domestic violence. As part of protection of the victim, safe at home programs have been designed as part of the integrated approach. The assumption that the perpetrator should be held responsible for their actions and transferred from their home leaving the victims to stay. When women are left in their homes, they are in a better position to maintain social networks, education and stability for their children all important in their recovery. The government funds national alliances that unite women into their fight of domestic violence. AWAVA, Australian Women against Violence Alliance is one of such alliances that works to create a good environment for women to share information, point out issues and their solutions and take care and prevent future violence. AWAVAS role is to ensure both women and children lead a peaceful life free of violence or abuse as it acknowledges women power and gender equality. The Australian women against violence Alliance, AWAVA, appreciates the governments efforts towards doing away with domestic violence. The commitment of the government is evident by the release of the national plan eliminate women and children violence. This is a promising step since its the first time that the government came up with a national framework to deal with domestic violence. There are however some limitations that hinder the implementation of the national plan, making the government efforts unsuccessful. Ms Rashida Manjoo the United Nations rapporteur advocates for the use of human rights while dealing with domestic violence so as to address the issue effectively. He argues that using the human rights approach will be necessary for Australia in meeting its international obligations. The legislative body has a committee which ensures that the domestic issues are well dealt with from the grassroots. It also ensures that the agencies dealing with domestic violence are well integrated so as to cope with the emerging issues appropriately. Evidence based is an approach advocated by this body to ensure the issues are dealt with in a just manner. The government has also come up with a national scheme that ensures the cases of domestic violence are responded to regardless of the victims residence. With the explained information it is clear that the government has played a key role in preventing and reducing domestic violence in Australia. The community is aware of their rights as there are many policies and schemes which ensure domestic violence is eradicated. The national plan is faced by various challenges including poor communication, mainly between the government and the civil society (Laing 2000). The other challenge is that the national plan is unable to implement and consult about its initiatives on time. Submission of reports, quick response to the arising issues and effective risk assessment is barely done on time. In addition, the national plan lacks enough resources to respond to the increasing needs, which affects its effectiveness in protecting victims of violence. Also, the increase in community awareness has led to an increase in reported case since people have become aware of their rights, eventually resulting to more pressure on the national plan (Laing 2000). All these challenges together hinder total effectiveness in the government policies to reduce domestic violence. In conclusion, domestic violence in Australia is a big challenge to the general wellbeing of the victims. The Australian governments efforts to fight domestic violence is commendable though challenges still exist in their implementation. Public awareness has really improved the situation as people are aware of their rights and those of others and can report to the authorities when they are victimized. Formation of alliances, schemes and using the human rights approach have been in the frontline in cubing this evil. References Alexander, R., 2002. Domestic violence in Australia: The legal response. Federation Press. Angus, C. and Wales, N.S., 2015. Domestic and Family Violence. NSW Parliamentary Research Service. Bagshaw, D., Chung, D., Couch, M., Lilburn, S. and Wadham, B., 2000. Reshaping responses to domestic violence: Final report. University of South Australia. Berkowitz, A.D., 2004. Working with men to prevent violence against women: An overview (part one). National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, pp.1-7. Flood, M., 2006, February. The debate over mens versus womens family violence. In AIJA (Australian Institute of Judicial Administration) Family Violence Conference (pp. 23-24). Holder, R., 2001. Domestic and family violence: Criminal justice interventions. Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of New South Wales. Laing, L., 2000. Children, young people and domestic violence. Sydney: Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of New South Wales. Laing, L., 2000. Progress, trends and challenges in Australian responses to domestic violence. Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, University of New South Wales. Marcus, G. and Braaf, R., 2007. Domestic and family violence studies, surveys and statistics: Pointers to policy and practice. Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, UNSW Mitchell, L., 2011. Domestic violence in Australia: an overview of the issues. Morrison, A.R. and Orlando, M.B., 1999. Social and economic costs of domestic violence: Chile and Nicaragua. O'Donnell, C. and Craney, J., 1982. Family violence in Australia. Longman Cheshire. Pease, B., 2008. Engaging men in men's violence prevention: Exploring the tensions, dilemmas and possibilities. . Weissman, D.M., 2007. Personal Is Political-and Economic: Rethinking Domestic Violence, The. BYU L. Rev., p.387. Woodroffe, M., 2010. Closed courts for open justice. Woodroffe, M., 2011. Closed Courts open door to justice. Law Society Journal: the official journal of the Law Society of New South Wales, 49(3), p.50.

Religion in the US

Islamic Spirituality In America, the matters of religion profoundly influence the degree of spirituality of the Americans. People are allowed self-determination in matters of spirituality. Spirituality is a conviction that gives people an understanding of what they value and how people coexist (Sheldrake 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islamic spirituality teaches about the union of Muslims with Allah. According to the sayings of Imam Ali, Muslims’ â€Å"†¦affairs are attached to the destiny decreed by Allah†¦their best plans lead them to destruction† (Balagha 15). This shows how Islamic faith teaches about total union and submission to their God. In his Poetry, Rumi says, â€Å"Union with God is sweeter than body comforts† (Coleman Light Breeze Stanza 3) to portray the value that the Muslims attach by submitting to their God. Islamic spirituality also teaches about commitment and devotion towards spirituality. The sayings of Imam Ali show that the Islamic faith devotion is paramount to other things. In his poetry, Rumi says, â€Å"You have a spirit body; don’t dread leaving the physical one† (Coleman Light Breeze Stanza 5). This further affirms that Muslims should be courageous to exercise commitment and devotion to their faith. Islamic faith also teaches about the importance of being prepared for life after death. According to Ali, â€Å"Blessed is the man who always keep life after death in his view† (Balagha 44). This depicts how life after death is critical to the Muslim faithful. Every Muslim should evade sins that may separate him/her from attaining it. In his poetry, he reveals how the Islamic faith discourages secularism besides teaching on the importance of embracing spirituality for the sake of life after death. Islamic spirituality denounces greed indicating how greed is d iscouraged and that those who become greedy, for example, for power, money, and wealth are to face disgrace consequently. Greed is also discouraged by the poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi. He says, â€Å"If you could leave your selfishness, you would see how you’ve been torturing yourself† (Coleman ‘Moving Water’ Stanza 7). This depicts torture as the consequence of greed with comfort being the result of evading selfishness. They also teach about seeking knowledge and wisdom.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Imam Ali, seeking knowledge is an indication of how Islamic spirituality values wisdom (Balagha 80) even from those who do not profess the Islamic faith. Rumi also teaches on the importance of seeking wisdom. His words, â€Å"Do not insist on going where you think you want to go. Ask the way to the spring† (Coleman ‘Moving Wa ter’ Stanza 10) show that the Islamic spirituality values wisdom. Imam Ali and Rumi teachings about faith Imam Ali and Rumi teach that faith requires perseverance. According to Ali, â€Å"Those who have come alive out of a blood –bath live longer and have more children† (Balagha 84). This indicates the value of perseverance during danger and difficulties with a reward for those who persevere. They are blessed with abundant life and even property. They also teach that faith requires conviction. In his poetry, Rumi says, â€Å"Where are those qualities of bravery and sharp compassion in this group?† (Coleman Not Here Stanza 2). Therefore, for one to have complete faith, he/she requires courage. In his sayings, Ali teaches that faith requires one to be passionate and self-assured of what he/she believes in (Balagha 30). Imam Ali and Rumi teach that faith cannot thrive in hypocrisy. In his poetry, Rumi says, â€Å"Lukewarm won’t do†¦Not here† (Coleman ‘Not Here’ Stanza 8). This teaches that one cannot enjoy full faith if he/she is a hypocrite. Ali also shows hypocrisy as an impediment to one’s faith. Whoever professes a certain faith should therefore do so without hypocrisy since it can be an impediment to commitment. They also depict faith as a self-will. No one should be forced to profess a certain faith. In his sayings, Ali says, â€Å"I wonder at a man who loses hope of salvation when the door of repentance is open for him† (Balagha 87), which shows how human beings should have the free will to profess whatever faith they believe pertinent. Rumi also teaches on the need for self-will in faith to show how one needs to be the master of his/her faith. People should make the choice of belonging and even joining any faith. This enables them to be committed to it. Qualities of People who are close to God People who are close to God are devoted to him. According to Ali, â€Å"Those who give up religion to better their lot in life seldom succeed† (Balagha 105). This shows how devotion matters in one’s spirituality especially those who are close to God who is supreme to any other thing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his poetry, Rumi further affirms that those who are close to God are courageous to exercise commitment and devotion to their faith. They are ready to be persecuted and even to lose their lives for the sake of their faith and union with God. People who are committed to God have a deep conviction about Him. According to Ali, â€Å"When Imam Ali was asked about Faith in Religion, he replied that the structure of faith is supported by four pillars endurance, conviction, justice and jihad† (Balagha 30). This tells the reader that those who are close to God believe in Him. Besides, they are deeply convicted that He exist s and that what He says about them is true or will eventually happen. In his poems, Rumi says, â€Å"Because of willfulness people sit in jail, the trapped bird’s wings are tied† (Coleman Moving water Stanza 4). This indicates that, with a deep conviction about God and his abilities, those who are close to Him can have faith to confront any difficulty that they pass through following their faith in Him. People who are close to God are united. They value their peaceful coexistence with others. Compassion and love form the foundation of their faith and spiritualism (Kalchuri 22987). For example, according to Rumi, â€Å"water flows through, infinity everywhere, yet contained under a single tent† (Coleman Moving Water Stanza 12). The words indicate that those who are close to God value the diversity of humankind just like water flows to infinite places. Besides, they value the union of human beings, as contained in a single tent. Therefore, those who are close to G od have the characteristic of valuing unity. Ali says, â€Å"Unfortunate is he who cannot gain a few sincere friends during his life and more unfortunate is the one who has gained them and then lost them (through his deeds)† (Balagha 11). This tells the reader that unity of people will always be evident from those who are close to God: those who value others besides being afraid to make enemies. Benefits to Non-Muslims from the teaching of Imam Ali and Poems of Rumi Non-Muslims can also benefit from the teachings of Imam Ali and the poems of Rumi. Both teach on the importance of unity amongst people. This virtuous characteristic can be learnt and be applied even by the non-Muslims. Everyone would want to be virtuous even to level of associating with people who like unity. Unity results to peace in the world. Hence, all nations can benefit from this teaching.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The non-Muslims can also learn to persevere. Perseverance is vital in attaining one’s goals or even in perfecting his/her faith. Both Imam Ali and Rumi teach on the importance of perseverance in what people do or encounter because there is always a better reward for those who endure to the end. According to Ali, â€Å"Those who have come alive out of a blood –bath live longer and have more children† (Balagha 84), which encourages people to press on even during difficult times. This applies not only to Muslims but also to all people regardless of their religious backgrounds. Non-Muslims can also learn to accord others self-determination in matters of faith. This will enable them earn spiritual pleasures and inspiration for their lives (Waaijman 1). They can learn that no one should be forced to profess a certain faith, or even be discriminated based on his/her faith. For example, in his sayings Ali says, â€Å"I wonder at a man who loses hope of salvation when t he door of repentance is open for him† (Balagha 87). This shows that human beings should have the free will to profess whatever faith they believe is important. In his poetry, Rumi also teaches on the need for self-will in faith. He says, â€Å"Reach for the rope of God† (Coleman Moving Water Stanza 3). This is an inspiring message to the non-Muslims to let other people join the faith of the religion they so wish without any coercion. They should let them reach for the rope rather than giving them the rope. The message addresses the issue of freedom of worship, which is the cry of all people regardless of their religion. Works Cited Balagha, Nahjul. Nahjul Balagha Quotes Imam Ali, 2009. Web. http://balaghah.net/old/nahj-htm/eng/index.htm Coleman, Barks. Rumi Poetry, 2009. Web. http://peacefulrivers.homestead.com/rumipoetry1.html Kalchuri, Bhau. Meher Prabhu: Lord Meher, the Biography of the Avatar of the Age  Meher Baba. London: Routledge, 1986. Print. Sheldrake, Phil ip. A Brief History of Spirituality. London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2007. Print. Waaijman, Kees. Spirituality: forms, Foundations, methods. Leuven: Peters Publishers, 2002. Print. This essay on Religion in the US was written and submitted by user Brandon Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

u me nad the people essays

u me nad the people essays 1. The eyes whispers I love you dear, the lips move, no words appear, when your love is true, sincere and real, what the lips hide, the eyes reveal. 2. Im glad friendship doesnt come with price tags. For if it did, I would never afford someone great as you. Thanks for being my friend. 3. In life, try not to expect anything from anybody. This way, you wont be disappointed if they dont live up to your expectations. Accept any blessings with a smile. 4. The more friends you have, the more treasure you have. Thats why I want to make friends. Can I? 5. No special season, no special reason...just taking the time to say Im glad youre my friend! 6. The miracle of friendship speaks from one heart to another, listens for unspoken needs, recognizes secret dreams, understands silent things. 7. You can close your eyes on things you want to see, but you can never close your heart on things you dont want to hear. 8. Seems like the only time I see you near is when I close my eyes. Should I keep it t hat way? Because its the only way I can make you stay. 9. When we get hurt, it is one way that God is telling us that not all thats painful is bad or wrong. We get hurt so we would never hurt others the way we were hurt. 10 . A friend is the voice when you cant speak, the strength when youre weak, the hope when youre sad and the joy when youre gloomy. 11. Dance like nobodys watching. Sing like nobodys listening. Love like youll never get hurt. Live like its heaven on earth. 12. This much I know is true, that God blessed the broken road that lead me straight to you. 13. When I saw you, I was afraid to look at you. When I looked at you , I was afraid to touch you. When I touched you, I was afraid to kiss y...

Write the Nonfiction Book Proposal Before Writing the Book

Write the Nonfiction Book Proposal Before Writing the Book I finished a manuscript, set it aside for a month, then read it again. But I never even tried to publish it. Why not? Because as brilliant as it was (well, I thought so and so did my mother), it was doomed because it had no point. The book, overflowing with insightful arguments and powerfully constructed sentences, was like a new pencil whose value lies not in what it is but in what it will do for a buyer. Without a point, neither pencils nor books have much reason to inspire their purchase. I should have considered that before I wrote even one chapter. The commercial value of what we write must not be an afterthought. That is why nonfiction publishers require a book proposal and why you should, too, even when youre the publisher. We write a book proposal to convince our publisher (and ourselves) that this book is a good idea and promises to be a good seller. The details, features, and benefits of the book discovered while writing the proposal will be the core components of your marketing campaign, so it accomplishes two things at one time. Looking at our idea through the lens of reality, the proposal asks and answers three compelling questions. Can this book find a market? Will it appeal to that market? Does it have what it takes to sell? Why a book proposal? 1.          Because we take our time and talent seriously. We cant afford to squander valuable time on a doomed project. We write to make money. Writing something for which there is no market, or for a market that is too small or that will not or cannot pay makes no sense. 2.         To find the angle. It defines how your book differs from other books in the genre. 3.         To establish why we are the best person to write it. We tend to exaggerate or underestimate ourselves. A book proposal establishes and clarifies our qualifications. 4.         To ensure there is a marketable point.   Nonfiction readers only buy solutions, answers, or fulfillment. What problem does my book solve? What question does it answer? What dream does it fulfill? 5.         To think in specific terms. WHAT will I write? WHO will read it? WHAT will it do for those readers? WHERE can they be found online and offline? HOW do I get to them? HOW do I help them find me? HOW do I convince them to buy my book? 6.         To create an action plan. All the data in the world does little good unless it forms into a plan. Publishers demand one, and if you are the publisher, you should demand one, too. Promotion and marketing reach buyers. The plan considers how to find them and how to persuade them. Whats in a book proposal?  ¦    Overview  ¦    Marketing Promotion Plan  ¦    Competing Books  ¦    Authors

Conversations with History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Conversations with History - Essay Example Michael Scheuer. Interview with Michael Scheuer Looking at the interview with Mr. Scheuer, it is relevant to say that the answers as his response to all the questions asks came from a point of view of a military whose loyalty lies on the organization and to his country and not to the welfare of the whole world. . According to his belief, if there are things to be learned from the methods being used during the war, this is to kill the enemy as a whole. It has been an experience in their organization that killing them one by one would just only provoke the rest of the enemy. In a war, he considers civilian victims and dead militaries are but just a body counts and a price of the war. For him, during the time of war, enemies must be destroyed by all means as well as the allies and this has been the way of the US to be able to remain in power for 30 years. With regard to the civilians who would be affected and could be killed in the war, Scheuer took it as a part of the war, killing civi lians to be able to win the war or either not to go to war at all.

Health and Wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health and Wellness - Essay Example The cost of cancer, the dreaded disease, is about half that amount. In the past few decades, obesity has increased by 100 percent among children and adolescents (Stevens, 2003). Overweight is not just about looks but it also encompasses a wide array of medical as well as emotional problems. The major risks related to overweight are poor quality of life and the reduction of life span due to diseases. Some of the medical consequences include diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, arthritis and cancer. The psychological consequences of overweight include disrupted self image, depression and lack of confidence. Hence, it is essential to creatively think how a physical exercise and nutrition wellness lifestyle would improve life Before we get into the details of physical and nutritional aspects of lifestyle it is essential to think what are the important lifestyle factors that play a large role in maintaining good health Positive health habits include: 7 to 8 hours of good sleep each night; healthy eating habits; maintaining a healthy weight; regular physical exercise; avoiding alcohol, smoking and drug abuse; performing self-examinations frequently; and 6 to 8 glasses of water each day (Assess Nutrition and Wellness, N.D.). Physical activity and nutrition have been identifi... Research conducted around the world has demonstrated the benefits of an active lifestyle and sound nutritional practices. The first major benefit that greatly influence an individual is the prevention of chronic diseases as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, as well as several forms of cancer (Nutrition Exercise & Wellness, 2005). Secondly, it is not only a benefit to individual but it is an economic gain for the entire nation as healthy people means healthy nation. 2. Two specific daily/weekly actions you can take toward your goal Unhealthy eating habits can cause long-term health consequences. Poor habits, lack of accurate information, and peer pressure can cause many individuals to jeopardize their health. Accurate information about nutrition and good decision-making skills will help them to improve their health now and for the future. It would be easier to ensure a healthful diet by relying on food supplements such as pills, liquids, or powders that contain purified nutrients in specific amounts. However, common man may find it difficult to buy expensive supplements. Hence, planning an appropriate diet with sufficient quantities of proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber is essential. One can sit with a dietitian to find out the specific need and plan accordingly. Physical exercise is an important step for having a healthy life. Regular exercise will help individuals to reduce weight and have a good physic. Health professionals advise to lose weight gradually i.e. approximately two pounds per week in weight loss is maximum recommended (Assess Nutrition and Wellness, N.D.). This can be achieved through proper exercise and planned diet. 3. Time lines for implementing your action

Behavior Plan Template Essay Example for Free

Behavior Plan Template Essay Max does not talk about his past or his family. He focuses everything on sex, power, and himself. He has had six charges of assault and brags about how many woman he has slept with. Max has a personality that draws people in and can be very socialble, but once things do not go his way or are not about him he tends to lose it. He sees nothing wrong in what he does and it is normal to him. He has serious anger issues that he does not want to admit and I feel it has a lot to with his past. Max possibly suffered from some type of abuse when he was younger, either sexual, physical, emotional, or even all three. He seems to have very low self-esteem by the way he brags  and puts down other ideas. Max does not know how to have a normal relationship with people, without making things about himself or using anger while interacting. Max hold irrational beliefs about himself and the world, which is not good because it leads to the negative actions he has been exhibiting. This type of behavior Max is exhibiting relates to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Course of Treatment List two target behaviors and two interventions. Target Behaviors Anger Issues Relationship/Emotional Issues Frequency and Duration of Target Behaviors Anger Issues are serious for Max because he seems to not be able to handle his anger. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he has been so use to this behavior for a long time and he needs to learn how to control anger and react to things in a positive way. Relationship/Emotional issues is an important area that Max need to work on. He needs to be able have a relationship with others that does not consist of him being selfish or dominiating. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he does not know how to interact with people without being dominating or using sex to his advantage to get what he wants. Severity and Number of Relapses If Max does not get this behavior under control he could have to do prison or jail time. He could also run into the wrong person and lose his life or be seriously injured. He has relapsed around 4 times, it has been difficult for him. Max needs to learn how to have a normal relationship with a person, that uses the correct emotions and is not all about himself. There will come a time when he is truly alone and has nobody because they do not like how dominating and arrogant he was. He could resort back into depression. He has relapsed around 5 times because he cannot stop being dominating and arrogant. Interventions Max needs to be in angermanagment classes, along with group and one-on-one therapy. He also needs do some sort of community service. Max needs to be in  one-on-one therapy and group therapy. He should volunteer at homeless shelters, so he can appreciate what he has and improve his own self-worth. He should be involved in any sexual activity for 4 months. Goals and Objectives List two long-term goals, two short-term goals, and one objective to work towards each goal. Long-Term Goal 1. The long-term goal for anger issues is for Max to control his anger and not have any other incidents of assaulting people. 2. The long-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to learn how to have a healthy relationship with others, which he is not controlling or uncaring to the person. His self-esteem should be confidence and not arrogance. Short-Term Goal 1. The short-term goal for anger issues is for Max to not have any anger outburst or physical altercations with anyone for three months. 2. The short-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to understand individuals and think about them for he thinks about himself. Objectives 1. If Max can control his anger he will be able to be a happy person and can have a normal reaction to things in life, without feeling out of control with anger (Macavei, 2005). 2. If Max can learn how to have a healthy relationship and use his emotions correctly, he will not be alone, but can have someone who he really cares about and who really cares him (Macavei, 2005). 3. If Max can learn to not lose control right away of anger he can learn that he does not need violence, but can think before he reacts (Macavei, 2005). 4. If Max can learn to understand others and think about someone else than himself he can become a better person and not who is not depressed or hides behind negativity. He can truly understand himself and work on his own personal issue (Macavei, 2005). Discharge and Termination Plans Describe the discharge and termination plan for the client. Discharge Plan Max has been discharged after four months of treatment. He has shown he can  control his anger and really overcome his relationship and emotional issues. He has completed his anger management and therapy. Max will still have to take angermanagement classes once a week and therapy, but he will be free to live on his own and conduct his life normally. He has also been prescribed medication that will help with his mood swings. Termination Plan Max will be released and living on his own. He will have to check in once a month for a year to make sure he has not relapsed. If everything comes out good he will not have to check in after the year. References Macavei, B. (2005). The Role of Irrational Beliefs in the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Depression. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=9ad88650-04e2-482a-a3a8-bf1f672d5913%40sessionmgr4005hid=4109bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=18046159

Hiring a New Employee Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Hiring a New Employee â€Å"A company is only as good as the employees who work for It.† Seems to be the slogan driving most employers in today’s marketplace. Your employees are a direct reflection of your company and in many industries, may actually be considered the product. Finding the right employee can be one of the most crucial and difficult decisions a business can face. Businesses must be prepared for this process and understand the steps involved in hiring a new employee. When an employer makes the decision to hire a new employee, they must first decide what advantages this employee will offer the company. The employee may be considered a producer, who would benefit the company by producing, creating, selling or supporting the product. This employee would be responsible for direct profits for the company. He or she may also belong to the coordinator category of employees. These employees are responsible for the productivity of producers by coordinating their tasks with those of other producers to gain the most cost effective solution. It must be determined if the efforts of a coordinator would benefit the producers in a specific company. A new employee may also offer your company the assistant qualities needed to free up the time of a higher paid employee. An assistant can be very valuable to your company by helping your executives become more efficient. Once the potential gains of a new employee are determined, the costs associated with this...

Emerson’s Essay On Heroism Essay

The first and most important implicit question in this statement is by what standards Emerson is judging a hero—and whether it even matters, as he seems to be saying that a hero is a hero despite anything else. This assertion is false, however, because there is inevitably, not only in the actions of heroes but also in those of antiheroes, an element of situation and circumstance that either augments or diminishes their capacity for good. In 1984 by George Orwell, protagonist Winston Smith is, from what the reader can tell, the only individual (with the exception of his compatriot Julia) in his Big Brother society who sees anything wrong with the tactics employed by the government and, subsequently, who attempts to do anything to protest. This alone could constitute a reasonable definition of a hero: in an evil culture, he is the only one fighting for good, but he continues nonetheless. For the majority of the novel, Winston is certainly a hero as he fights the system; at the end, however, he is defeated, brainwashed and convinced that he â€Å"loves Big Brother.† Is he any less of a hero because a hopelessly corrupt and evil institution managed to break his spirit? The answer may not necessarily be yes, but the point is that it is a point of debate, and casts enough doubt upon the validity of the original statement to warrant further examination. The idea of a hero can encompass so many characteristics, and to avoid playing the semantics game one must assign only a few, perhaps the possession of morality or of great leadership. History is full of persons, however, which could have been heroes under different circumstances but simply drew the short end of the stick or inadvertently used their talents for malevolence. It is an old axiom that no villain thinks of himself as a villain, and this is proved by the actions of Hitler and Mussolini, Axis leaders during World War II. Both were skilled politicians, leaders, and propagandists, and in these respects were no different than Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, the Allied directors who are customarily acknowledged as heroes by the general public. Conversely, everyone knows people who are intrinsically good but are not recognized as heroes, simply because they have yet to encounter a situation to bring out their morality and goodness. The vague abstractions of the term â€Å"hero'† and the fact that Emerson does not include a definition with his claim, makes its disproving an easy task; perhaps if he had been more explicit it would be not only more difficult to contradict him but also more simple to identify who is a hero in our society and who is not.

Easy Scholarships for International Students

Easy Scholarships for International StudentsOn this post we will do our best to find some great opportunities for Easy Scholarships for International Students that they can utilize. We will continue to add to this page, so be sure to check it out again. The United States is one of the prime destinations for students who are looking to benefit from a top notch and widely recognized international education. Being a student in USA, you are limited to very few scholarship options. To help you, we have collected information from several resources to come up with a list of Easy Scholarships 2017 for students in the USA as well as few scholarship opportunities granted by US government and institutions.Easy Scholarships for International Students – By the GovernmentForeign Fulbright Student Program The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to study and conduct research in the United States. The Fulbright Foreign Student Program operates in more than 155 countries worldwide. Approximately 4,000 foreign students receive Fulbright scholarships each year. Humphrey Fellowship Program The Humphrey Fellowship Program is for experienced professionals interested in strengthening their leadership skills through a mutual exchange of knowledge and understanding about issues of common concern in the U.S. and Fellows’ home countries. As a non-degree program, the Fellowship offers valuable opportunities for professional development through selected university courses, attending conferences, networking, and practical work experiences.Easy Scholarships for International Students by US Colleges and Universities American University Scholarships American University (AU) awards a limited number of generous partial merit scholarships. American University’s merit awards for international students are partial, not full, scholarships. They are highly competitive and based on a combination of outstanding academic achievement, excellent communication skills in English, leadership, volunteerism, and community service. AU Emerging Global Leader Scholarship Program The AU EGL scholarship covers all billable AU expenses (full tuition, room and board) for one international student who will need a visa (preferably an F-1 or J-1 student visa) to study in the United States. The scholarship does not cover non-billable expenses such as mandatory health insurance, books, airline tickets and miscellaneous expenses (approximately U.S.$4,000 per year). Amherst College Scholarships The award is sometimes called an â€Å"aid package† because it may include both self-help (employment) and gift aid (scholarships and grants). Students with lower financial need will be offered self-help. Students with greater need will be offered a combination of self-help and gift aid. Amherst College has replace all initially packaged, need based student loans with grant assistance and also offers $2,000 in an employment opportunity. Come back soon as we will continue to add to this page†¦ If you need help writing an Essay, feel free to contact us and check out our 6000+ free resources

Aphrodite, the Greek Goddess of Love and Beauty

Aphrodite, the Greek Goddess of Love and Beauty Aphrodite is the goddess of beauty, love, and sexuality. She is sometimes known as the Cyprian because there was a cult center of Aphrodite on Cyprus [See Map Jc-d]. Aphrodite is the mother of the god of love, Eros (more familiar as Cupid). She is the wife of the ugliest of the gods, Hephaestus. Unlike the powerful virginal goddesses, Athena and Artemis, or the faithful goddess of marriage, Hera, she has love affairs with gods and mortals. Aphrodites birth story makes her relation to the other gods and goddesses of Mt. Olympus ambiguous. Family of Origin Hesiod says Aphrodite arose from the foam that gathered around the genitals of Uranus. They just happened to be floating in the sea after his son Cronus castrated his father. The poet known as Homer calls Aphrodite the daughter of Zeus and Dione. She is also described as the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (both Titans). If Aphrodite is the cast-offspring of Uranus, she is of the same generation as Zeus parents. If she is the daughter of the Titans, she is Zeus cousin. Roman Equivalent Aphrodite was called Venus by the Romans as in the famous Venus de Milo statue. Attributes And Associations Mirror, of course she is the goddess of beauty. Also, the apple, which has lots of associations with love or beauty (as in Sleeping Beauty) and especially the golden apple. Aphrodite is associated with a magic girdle (belt), the dove, myrrh and myrtle, the dolphin, and more. In the famous Botticelli painting, Aphrodite is seen rising from a clam shell. Sources Ancient sources for Aphrodite include Apollodorus, Apuleius, Aristophanes, Cicero, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Nonnius, Ovid, Pausanias, Pindar, Plato, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Sophocles, Statius, Strabo and Vergil (Virgil). Trojan War and Aeneids Aphrodite / Venus The story of the Trojan War begins with the story of the apple of discord, which naturally was made of gold: Each of 3 goddesses: Hera - marriage goddess and wife of ZeusAthena - Zeus daughter, wisdom goddess, and one of the powerful virginal goddesses mentioned above, andAphrodite thought she deserved the golden apple, by virtue of being kallista the most beautiful. Since the goddesses couldnt decide among themselves and Zeus wasnt willing to suffer the wrath of the females in his family, the goddesses appealed to Paris, son of King Priam of Troy. They asked him to judge which of them was the most beautiful. Paris judged the goddess of beauty to be the loveliest. In return for his verdict, Aphrodite promised Paris the fairest woman. Unfortunately, this fairest mortal was Helen of Sparta, wife of Menelaus. Paris took the prize that had been awarded him by Aphrodite, despite her prior commitments, and so started the most famous war in history, that between the Greeks and Trojans. Vergil or Virgils Aeneid tells a Trojan War sequel story about a surviving Trojan prince, Aeneas, transporting his household gods from the burning city of Troy to Italy, where he founds the race of the Romans. In the Aeneid, the Roman version of Aphrodite, Venus, is Aeneas mother. In the Iliad, she protected her son, even at the cost of suffering a wound inflicted by Diomedes.

How to Write the Worcester Polytechnic Institute Essay 2018-2019

Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) is a technological university established in 1865, located around 50 miles from Boston in Worcester, Massachusetts. Known for its project-based curriculum, WPI features a 95-acre campus and aims to provide its students with quality resources. WPI is ranked #59 by U.S. News and World Report with an acceptance rate of 48% for the Class of 2022. A unique admissions aspect of WPI is the test-optional policy—you need not submit an SAT or ACT score for your application to be considered. However, it is a STEM-based school, so you will need to have taken four years of math, including pre-calculus as an academic requirement. While the college application process may seem overwhelming, don’t worry– is here to help you tackle WPI’s 2018-2019 application! WPI is a school that prides itself on maintaining a global presence with over 40 project centers on 6 continents. Aligning with this aspect is WPI’s admissions essay: one that appears to embody the presence of a world that is growing more and more connected. Do you have an account on a blog website? A YouTube channel? Or maybe you even run your own website? If so, strongly consider providing the URL to it, if you are comfortable doing so. Here are some things you should keep in mind before you submit a URL: When you click on the link to a website, what do you notice first? Probably the interface and how user-friendly it is. If you are maintaining your own website, it will be of utmost importance to ensure that it is accessible. If your parents were handed a laptop with your website on the front screen, would they be able to navigate it? If you don’t think that you can confidently answer ‘yes’ to that question, it would be in your best interest to make updates to your website. For example, let’s say you are running a blog website on running. Instead of having all the different blogs and threads cluttered on one page, it would be helpful to organize them into several tabs or folders. For instance, categories could be Nutrition, Technique, Music, and Miscellaneous. Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. If you maintain an account on YouTube or a blogging website, ask yourself if your content is appropriate and detailed. Would you be comfortable with your grandparents examining your online presence? Can someone who hasn’t met you glean aspects of your personality from your posts? For example, instead of writing ‘yes.’ as a response to a thread, you can back up your response with more detail. Write about that experience you had at the grocery store. Or maybe something interesting you learned from that Netflix show from the previous night. Of course, if you don’t have an online presence, that is perfectly acceptable; in fact, it’s why this essay prompt is optional! However, you should compensate for this with a strong Common Application essay . Make sure you detail your extracurricular activities so that admissions officers can understand how you contributed to each one, and build close relationships with your teachers so they can provide further insight into who you are as a person. Want help on your Worcester Polytechnic Institute application or essays? Learn about our College Apps Program . Want us to quickly edit your college essay? Submit it to our Rapid Review program , and we’ll get it back to you quickly with comments from our expert team.

Did Government Housing Policy Cause the Financial Crisis Essay

Did Government Housing Policy Cause the Financial Crisis - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the global financial crisis that started in the year 2008 had serious negative impacts on the investment in most parts of the worlds. The global financial crisis marked a period of failure of many financial institutions, increase in unemployment and reduction of the capacity to invest. In the Gulf Area, most countries that highly dependent on the oil industry faced a period of reduced investment. Therefore, the period saw an increase in the poverty level as investment reduced and the people remained without jobs. The high unemployment rate and the collapse of the financial institutions cumulatively limited the potential of individuals and corporations to invest. There has evolved a controversy on the possible causes of the global recession different authors providing different perspectives on the same issue. While some agree that the government housing policies that allowed the provision of subprime loans and mortgages was the reason f or the issue, some argue that it was caused by the stagnated workers’ income. From the close look at the problem, it is clear that instability in financial income was a major cause of the problem. The government housing policy required that the banks offer cheap loans and mortgages that the people could afford to buy houses as part of its commitment to house its citizens. As a result, the people shifted their attention from investing to purchase of assets such as cars and houses. According to the economist, the result of the government housing policy was the rise in the greed for money that ended up buying dodgy securities. The idea of the author is that the government policies resulted to use of money, not for investment but in the project that did not generate income. As a result, the people could not afford to back debts and the banks and this is the reason why the banking sector went down just before the financial crisis set in. The Lehman brother’s global bank is an example of the banks that failed because of too many defaulted loans. However, statistics show that the house ownership rate only increased by 4% even after this low, indicating only a small difference from the time when the policy was not in play. This shows that other reasons could have been the cause of the global financial crisis.

The effects of Employee satisfaction on Productivity, Performance, Research Paper

The effects of Employee satisfaction on Productivity, Performance, Customer satisfaction and the organization financial performance - Research Paper Example Any changes caused to any one of the above parameters may have strong impacts upon other parameters. Even though an organization may have lot of resources, human resources or the employees seem to be the most vital one because of the necessity of employees in mobilizing all the other organizational resources. In other words, employee performance and productivity is linked with the mission, vision, objectives and goals of the organization. Only the satisfied employee may deliver his maximum productivity for the betterment of the organization. Dissatisfied employees may not perform well and their reluctance in delivering the goods, may affect the customers of the organization. Dissatisfied employees may not treat the customers well which may result in dissatisfaction of the customers and the subsequent drop out of customers. The loss of customers may cause heavy financial damages to the organization. In short, employee performance can make or break an organization. This paper analyses the importance of employee satisfaction and its impacts on Productivity, Performance, Customer satisfaction and the organization financial performance.... re are direct and quantifiable links between customer service variables (such as satisfaction and loyalty), employee variables (such as satisfaction, enthusiasm, loyalty, commitment, capability, and internal service quality), and financial results (Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction, 2003, p.1) Employees are the only active element in an organization. All the other organizational resources are passive and need the support of human element to deliver the goods. In other words employees are the drivers who drive the organizational resources in a particular direction to meet the organizational goals. If the drivers or the employees are incapable of driving the vehicle properly, it is difficult for the organization in reaching the target or meeting the goals. Only the satisfied drivers will keep the vehicle in good condition by driving the vehicle safely and effectively. Dissatisfied drivers will never bother much about the conditions of the vehicle or the negative impacts of crazy driving habits. Proper driving will help the vehicle owner to reduce maintenance cost of the vehicle which will increase his profits. â€Å"The Watson Wyatt Worldwide Human Capital Index study suggests that effective human resources practices lead to positive financial outcomes more often than positive financial outcomes lead to good practices† (Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction, 2003, p.2). Many people often raise the question - which one evolved first; hen or egg? The same question is asked in the organizational world also – whether good human management practices lead to better organizational performances or better organizational performances lead to good human management practices? The

New Management Team causes delay in HR and pressures current staff Essay

New Management Team causes delay in HR and pressures current staff - Essay Example This article is related to my issue because it highlights the variety of ways in which the insufficiency of human resources caused by downsizing affects an organization. Particularly, it emphasizes how such management strategies as downsizing or delayed recruitment disturb the employees psychologically, emotionally, and physically, and how the effects go beyond them to reach the customers also. In my case, the employees are the teachers and the customers are the students. Article 2: Summary (Cameron) conducted a research upon 30 organizations to study their downsizing strategies with a view to identifying successful downsizing strategies and the implications of downsizing upon the workers’ performance. Successful downsizing requires successful management of the system of human resource that includes such aspects as employee training, reward, and performance evaluation. HR assumes the responsibility to help make this system effective by avoiding the typical top-down approach th at considers workers as a liability for the organization. HR professionals assume the main role in successful downsizing. ... Poor decisions of the management with respect to recruitment can cost an organization a lot of direct and indirect cost. BHEL’s recruitment policies were found to be good and effective since the organization conducts recruitment through big selection boards. Delay in recruitment is one of the main areas of focus of my study. This reference is particularly useful when I am evaluating the best strategies of recruitment in my research while proposing that instead of delaying the recruitment and increasing the work burden for the teachers, the new management should design effective recruitment strategies to hire the best team of teachers to take the school to the next level. Article 4: Summary (Gabdolfi) conducted a research to identify the organizational, financial, and workforce related effects of downsizing. Downsizing affects the workers psychologically and emotionally and disrupts their relations with the family. Four lessons of downsizing are preparation, specific training, management of the survivor syndrome, and counting of the costs. This paper relates to my issue because along with identifying the ways in which the teachers come under increased load and pressure of work in the absence of more teachers that need to be recruited, Gabdolfi has also highlighted the implications for the new management and proposed four lessons of downsizing that help the management make informed decisions. Article 5: Summary (Dahar et al.) conducted a quantitative study to identify the effect of quality of teacher on the students’ achievement. They found that the quality of teachers did not significantly affect the level of achievement of the students in the schools with

Effect Of UV Rays On Pool Chlorine Biology Essay

Effect Of UV Rays On Pool Chlorine Biology Essay Pools have always been a source of leisure for Australians. They provide enjoyment and good times for many households generated in a family or local swimming pool. Despite this, pools have to be maintained by using chemicals or disinfectants, lest unwanted pathogens create health hazards. However, the over use of these chemicals can also result in health hazards such as; serious irritation and breathing problems. A balance or equilibrium, therefore, must be achieved to maintain suitable conditions. This is where chemistry comes into play. The main type of chemicals used in pools to prevent unwanted pathogens is pool chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite is a commonly used as pool chlorine. It was discovered by Louis Pasteur in the late 19th century that sodium hypochlorite had disinfectant properties. Sodium hypochlorite effectively kills bacteria, viruses and fungi. When pool chlorine is added to water, a reaction takes place where hypochlorus acid is formed. In the past, most consumer chlorine bleach was sold in a 5.25% solution. Today, some more concentrated solutions are being sold and touted as an improvement over the less concentrated bleaches. To check for the concentration of the pool chlorine, excess potassium iodide is to be added to it and then it is to be titrated with a solution of sodium thiosulfate. The concentration of the liquid chlorine is then to be calculated using stoichiometry. The net ionic equations of the chemical reactions are: Source: Chemistry In use Book 2 There are also many factors that affect the effectiveness of pool chlorine such as sun radiation. Ultra-violet (UV) light degrades hypochlorous acid to hydrochloric acid (HCl). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation not only destroys light sensitive chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), it also has the potential to significantly degrade the structural integrity of the storage tank or IBC containing the light sensitive material.   According to the NSW  Ministry of Health  (2010) roughly 1/3 of free chlorine exposed to UV lights in a outdoor swimming pool is destroyed every hour. UV light therefore lowers the concentration of the disinfection component of free chlorine. In this experiment, the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in pool chlorine, left under a UV lamps for different periods of times, was measured. Aim: To investigate the effects of Ultra Violet (UV) rays on sodium hypochlorite (a bleaching agent used commonly in pools). 2.0 Hypothesis: As pool chlorine is left for longer periods of time under UV rays, the concentration of the pool chlorine will decrease. This was hypothesised as the theory suggests that UV rays degrade the component in pool chlorine which allows it to disinfect bacteria. 3.0 Equipment/Material Material Diluted Sodium hypochlorite Sodium thiosulfate Potassium iodide Starch indicator Boiling water Equipment 2 x 100 mL Beaker 5 x 250 mL Beaker 15 x 100 mL Flask 2 x 1L Volumetric flask 1 x 500 mL Volumetric flask 1 x 100mL Measuring cylinder 2 x 20mL Measuring cylinder 3 x Funnel 5 x 20 mL Pipette 2 x 1mL Pipette 3 x Stirring rod Senior Balance Burette and stand UV Lamp Permanent marker Stopwatch 4.0 Safety To prevent any harm to the group during this experiment, safety precautions were taken to ensure the safety of the members. Refer to Appendix A for MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet). Lots of glassware was used Refrain from holding too many pieces of glassware at once. Clean up glass immediately if any is broken. Handle boiling water with care Boiling water was used to create a solution of starch. Beaker tongs were used to carry the boiling water. Potassium iodide is irritating to eyes and skin Avoid contacting without gloves. Wash with water if contact occurs. Sodium thiosulfate is irritating to eyes and skin Avoid contacting without gloves. Wash with water if contact occurs. Starch gives skin discomfort Avoid contacting without gloves. 5.0 Procedure Refer to Appendix 1 for preparation of solutions Preparation of titration A burette and stand was filtered with the sodium thiosulfate solution. The burette was filled up with the sodium thiosulfate solution to around the 0mL mark. 100mL of diluted sodium hypochlorite was poured into 5 individual 250mL beakers. These beakers were labelled 0min, 15m, 30m, 1hr, 3hrs and 4hrs. All the beakers, except the 0min beaker, were placed under the UV lamp for the amounts of time labelled on them. At this point the stopwatch was started, once the samples had reach the specified time they were taken out. For each time sample, 20mL was measured with a pipette and placed into 3 100mL flasks. 10mL of potassium iodide solution and 2mL of starch indicator solution were prepared prior to every titration. Titration The mark of where the sodium thiosulfate solution in the burette was recorded before the titration occurred. 10mL of potassium iodide solution was added to each time sample of 20mL sodium hypochlorite solution in the 100mL flasks. The new solution was left until it has completed reacted (when the solution turns light yellow). The solution was then titrated until it turned a very pale yellow. 2mL of starch indicator solution was added to the titrating solution. This should make the solution a dark blue/black colour. Titration continued at a slower rate until the solution had turned clear. Record the finishing titre mark on the burette. These steps were repeated 3 times for each time sample (total of 18 titrations). Figure 1: Diagram of titration in progress. 6.0 Results Table 1: Table showing the amount of sodium thiosulfate solution added to sodium hypochlorite and potassium iodide solution at different times left under the UV ray. Refer to Appendix 2 for initial volume and final volume calculations and averages. Time (mins) Volume (mL) Average of 3 titrations 0 23.35 15 22.95 30 22.51 60 18.35 180 16.03 240 12.70 Table 2: Table showing the concentration of pool chlorine Refer to appendix 3 for converting of average volume of titration to concentration. Amount of time left under UV lamp (mins) Concentration of OCl (M) 0 0.03250 15 0.03198 30 0.03131 60 0.02558 180 0.02234 240 0.01770 Figure 1: Graph showing the concentrations of pool chlorine left under a UV lamp for different periods of time. 7.0 Discussion An experiment design was made to test and compare the effects of UV rays on pool environments, particularly on the impacts of chlorine concentration. In doing this, a total of 18 pool chlorine samples were put under a UV lamp for different periods of time. The concentrations of the chlorine when left untouched by UV rays were stable at around 0.03M. By exposing the pool chlorine samples to ultraviolet lights for given periods of time, the concentration of the chlorine decreased. The graph shows that as the sodium hypochlorite is more exposed to UV rays, the lower concentration of the pool chlorine was. A line of best fit was drawn to display the trend in the data. It showed that there is a linear relationship between the concentration and time left under a UV lamp. The data collected agrees with the theory that UV rays disrupt the structural integrity of the pool chlorine. The photodecomposition of chlorine is apparent as the initial levels of hypochlorite ion decreased by a signific ant amount when exposed to sunlight. The photochemical reaction that represents the situation of the experiment is: The main errors of the experiment were the inaccuracies of most aspects dealt with when implementing the experiment. One anomaly occurred when one sample of chlorine was left under the UV lamp for 60minutes. There is a major drop in concentration from 30min. This suggests that there was experimental error during the investigation. 8.0 Conclusion The results collected from this experiment suggest that the more pool chlorine is subject to UV lights, the lower the concentration of the chlorine will be. It has partially supported the hypothesis Bibliography Deb Smith, D. R. (2006). Chemistry in use Book 2. Sydney: Queensland Chemistry syllabus. Date retrieved: 05/09/12 Fletcher, D. J. (N/D). (The Sodium Hypochlorite Story). Retrieved September 5, 2012, from south shore gunite pools: http://www.southshoregunitepools.com/resources/htms/naocl.htm Gina A. Ishida, B. à ·. (N/D). IMPACT OF CHLORINE AND MONOCHLORAMINE ON ULTRAVIOLET. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC: N/A. Date retrieved: 05/09/12 N/A. (N/D, N/D N/D). Chlorination of pool water. Retrieved September 6, 2012, from pested: http://www.pested.msu.edu/resources/bulletins/pdf/2621/e2621chap7.pdf N/A. (1968). Stabiliser (Cyanurate) Use in Outdoor Swimming Pools. Retrieved September 5, 2012, from NSW Government Health: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/utilities/copyright.asp Appendices Appendix A Going to add MSDS later†¦ Appendix 1 Diluting sodium hypochlorite 100mL of sodium hypochlorite was measured and put into a 1000mL volumetric flask. The flask was filled with distilled water up to the 1L mark The flask was inverted several times Sodium thiosulfate solution 8.82g of sodium thiosulfate was placed into a 1L volumetric flash The flask was filled with distilled water up to the 1L mark The flask was inverted several times Potassium iodide solution 5g of potassium iodide was weighed and placed into a 250mL beaker Distilled water was poured until it reached 105g on the scale The solution was thoroughly mixed Starch solution 1g of starch indicator was weighed and placed into a 250mL beaker 100mL of water was boiled and placed into the 250mL beaker The solution was thoroughly mixed and was left to cool down All solutions were labelled with the name of the solution, the concentration, a group members name and the teachers name. Appendix 2 Initial volume and final volume of sodium thiosulfate left under a UV lamp at different periods of time. 0 min 23.35-0.04 15 min 45.63-23.29 30min 22.34-0.07 = 23.31mL =22.34mL =22.27mL 46.76-23.31 23.04-0.14 44.78-22.32 = 23.45mL =22.90mL =22.46mL 23.54-0.13 46.66-23.04 23.01-0.21 =23.29mL =23.62mL =22.80mL Avg = = = =23.35mL =22.95mL =22.51mL 60 min 41.22-23.01 3 hour 15.62-1.23 4hours 13.23-0.12 =18.21mL =14.39mL =13.11mL 18.62-0.33 30.59-15.62 26.35-13.23 =18.29mL =14.97mL =13.12mL 37.26-18.72 49.32-30.59 38.21-26.35 =18.54mL =18.73mL =11.86mL Avg = = =18.35mL =16.03mL =12.70mL

Free Essays - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Free Essay on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn    In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain the main character, Huck Finn, grows and learns many lessons. Throughout my life I have learned many similar lessons. In addition, I have discovered that there is a relationship between Huck's life lessons and my life lessons. Also I have learned many different lessons that Huck was dispossessed from learning. Twain's character, Huckleberry Finn, and I can be compared and contrasted through lessons we both have learned and lessons that only I have learned. During my life I have learned that lessons are hard, complex, and above all else are universal. One lesson that Huck and I have shared in learning is that a person can choose to escape an unfair situation. Huck escaped his abusive father and was taken in by the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. I too escaped an abusive father. When I was six years old my mother divorced my father and I decided to live with her. Another lesson that Huck learns is to be his own pe rson. He learns this when he left Tom Sawyer and his gang for his own adventures. I learned this same lesson when some friends wanted to go to a concert on a night that I had school and a project due the next day. I did not go with them and even though my friends had fun, I was proud to be an individual. Additionally, Huck learns that friends are very important because they are always there for you. He and Jim become very close over their long trip down the river. They do things for each other that shows that they are friends. Tom helps Huck rescue their friend Jim from slavery. Huck and Tom free Jim because he is a good friend to them. I have also learned that friends are a tremendous part of my life. On various occasions, friends have helped me study for important tests. Consequently, Huck and I have learned similar important life lessons though the experiences were different. On the contrary, there are also a few lessons that I have learned that Huck has not learned. I have learned that you must deal with your problems instead of running away 12/19/98 from them.

David Brooks -One Nation Slight Divisible Essay

Brooks discussed the differences between the two groups. He described how â€Å"Red America† was made up of farmers and rural communities, while â€Å"Blue America† consisted of big cities with many stores and businesses. As Brooks looked at the red and blue sections of the electoral map, he was interested in the reasons behind the voting patterns. He chose two cities to represent these two sections: Franklin County in Pennsylvania for â€Å"Red America†, and Montgomery County in Maryland for â€Å"Blue America†. He lived in Montgomery county and spent time talking with different people in Franklin county. Brooks began to look deeper at the reasons for the differences between the two groups and wondered if America was really a united nation anymore. The first reason that Brooke considered was economics. He examined his theory that the rich and the poor have separated. The blue states had higher incomes, higher end stores, and jobs. Brooks asked people if they agreed that money was   what had divided the U.S. Although most people greed with that statement, most did not consider themselves the people with less, and it was the ones with less that seemed more content with what they had. As he spent more and more time with the people, he found that it was really not money that split the nation. . The next idea he had was religion. He found that the percentage of people involved in religion was higher in red states. There were more churches in Franklin, and more people attended a weekly religious service. Even with these statistics, Brooks again found it was not religion. He found there were still †bad people† and problems in both cities. Yes there were differences, but the differences didn’t seem to be enough to divide the nation. The final hypothesis Brooks dove into was self. Brooks saw that in â€Å"Red America† there was less striving to be unique and impress others. Humility was much more prevalent in the red states, while people in the blue states tended to place a larger focus on self. Brooke’s decided that this was a big difference, but not big enough to be the reason for division. After looking at all these thoughts, Brooks concluded that the U.S. is not divided, but instead it is a â€Å"Cafeteria Nation.† Brooks said that everyone has their own group to hang out with, just like what you would find in a school cafeteria. There may be differences between people, but in the end they all come together as a nation to help each other in times of trouble. Brooks used the example of 9/11, to demonstrate this principle and then concluded that our nation was not and is not divided after all.

Anthropology of Tattoos

Scarred across her back are raised bumps forming intricate designs of lines and angles, a reminder of who she is and where she is from. She thinks back on the ceremony in which she was marked with the painful scarification. She remembered feeling a sense of calm as the village artist pierced her back with a small arrowhead, stretching the skin away from the body and swiftly but skillfully cutting a slit in her back. He repeated this several times as a ceremonial pot was filled with gathering soot from the burning fire. After the artist finished his tedious design, he rubbed soot from the pot bottom deep into the slits, planting the bacteria that would infect the skin, raising the scars into their meaningful design. She felt accomplished that she withstood the agonizing pain while other members of her clan could not. Her newly inherited body art signified the birth of her first son, and left her with a renewed sense of beauty. This is the way of life common to people indigenous to the motherland of Africa. Scarification, however, is not the only form of body art that is used. Body painting, tattooing, and branding are all similar forms of body art, which can be found in Africa and other cultures throughout the world. The word â€Å"tattoo† comes from the Tahitian word â€Å"tattau†, which means â€Å"to mark†. Tattoos have evolved from being symbols of punishment that were given to identify criminals and slaves in the early ninth-century Chinese culture, into a pop-culture trend of using he skin as â€Å"a way of describing the exotic uncivilized other† within ourselves (Schildkrout 2004:324). For centuries, the body has been used as a â€Å"visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference† (Schildkrout 2004:319). This cultural difference becomes apparent when studying the evolution of body art over time, especially when focusing on the differences between the Western and Non-Western cultures. People have been adorning their body with tattoos and piercing for centuries, but until recently, the thought of tattoos in ancient Egypt had been pushed aside. It has now been discovered that, without a doubt, tattoos did exist in that time period. Although miniscule, a group of enormously important tattooed mummies serve to help prove this point (Bianchi 1988:21). The first mummy to be discovered was one f a woman named Amunet, whose mummy was found in an excellent state of preservation, â€Å"most likely due to the fact that she served as a priestess of the goddess Harthor at Thebes during Dynasty XI†(Bianchi 1988:22). The tattoos on her body were comprised of a pattern of dots and dashes in an elliptical shape on her lower abdomen. The thighs and arms adorned the identical parallel lines of the aforementioned pattern. Two more women mummies, who were discovered and believed to be from the same time period, also had similar tattoos on their lower abdomen (Bianchi 1988:22). This group of woman represents an exclusive group of Egyptians who received tattoos in that time period, because there is no other evidence that shows tattoos to be a part of the Egyptian culture until the time of the Middle Kingdom. These abstract patterns associated with ritualistic tattooing survived into the New Kingdom. The Egyptians, more then likely, borrowed a form of tattooing from the Nubian civilization. Unlike the Nubians, whose purpose for tattooing is unknown, â€Å"the Egyptians appear to have regarded the tattoo as one of several vehicles by which the procreative powers of the deceased could be revived† (Bianchi 1988:27). Substantiation proposes that only women were associated with the decorating of their bodies and the ritualistic activities that went along with it. The art of tattooing began with the grouping of bluish or black dots and/or dashes forming abstract geometric patterns; that system of body art lasted for over two thousand years in ancient Egypt. Just like other ideas and goods, the idea of tattooing began to travel to several different societies, and has evolved into extremely different forms of art all over the world. In northeastern Zambia, the Tabwa â€Å"once covered themselves from head to foot with scarification† (Roberts 1988:41). The women of the Tabwa began receiving elaborate marks on their face, chest, and backs when they were young girls; it sometimes was continued at other points in a woman’s life (Roberts 1988:43) such as courting rituals and for woman wishing to bear a child. Male sculptors would trace designs and make incisions on the lesser intimate parts of the body; they left the rest for the women to do. ‘Tabwa women used razors to slit skin [that had been] plucked up with a fishhook or arrowhead. These incisions were then rubbed with soot from a pot bottom, an irritant that produced the desired raised cicatrices† (Roberts 1988:44). There were several reasons that this tradition was done, different to every age and gender in the tribe. Young women went through this process in order to achieve a state of perfection, which was required for those wanting to marry and have children (Roberts 1988:45). Scarification is a form of body art that was used in several tribes because according to their customs â€Å"beauty is not physically innate, but rather a function of the girl’s inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:45). Not only the Tabwa, scarification was used in such tribes as the Ga’anda and the Tiv; all the tribes have distinctly different purposes for doing this, but the process and effect of the body are the same. Another form of body art is body painting, which the people of the Southeast Nuba begin at a young age; but the meanings, and time frame from when they begin decorating the body are very different between males and females. The males paint themselves from the ages of 12 to 27 (Faris 1988:31). Typically, they only paint during the down time after the harvest season and before the next years planting begins. This is the time that the males are less involved in mandatory and productive activities; they spend their supplementary time with festive activities such as dance and sport participation. The restrictions placed on the men by their age, most importantly deal with the color that they use on their body—for example â€Å" only the older age groups are eligible to use the greatest elaboration in color, including the deep black and yellow [colors, that are] prohibited to younger grades†(Faris 1988:32). The change in elaboration allowed on the body does not coincide with any physiological changes, rather, it corresponds with changes â€Å"in productive status or sport† (Faris 1988:32). As they move up in grades from young laborers that answer to the elders, to mature men that own their own property, farm and family, their elaborate painting ability increases. The elders though, do not decorate their bodies; rather, they delegate and lead rituals for the younger men and enforce the rules of allowed color use. Therefore, the male body painting shows their progression thru ones life stages. The women of Southeast Nuba, â€Å"from the age of six years, until consummation of marriage, oil and ochre [their bodies] daily, in colors [that are] appropriate to their patri-clan section† (Faris 1988:34). After childbirth, they may continue to wear some oil and ochre on their shoulders. The personal body art of women is strictly related to the physiological changes that occur as a women goes through life, and are fixed around body scarification as a way of showing her changes. A woman’s scarification is so important, that â€Å"if a husband refuses to pay for a scarring specialist, a woman may seek a lover who will do so, and her first marriage will end† (Faris 1988:35). Unlike the males elaborate body art, a woman’s body art is simple, but it accumulates over her life-span and is very standardized, while a male’s body art is constantly changing. Body painting, tattooing and scarification thus far had been tools used by individuals to beautify their body and elevate their status within their tribe; this is not the case with all societies. In several other cultures, tattoos have been used in a form of branding, which is quite the opposite. Though tattooing and branding are â€Å"similar in that both involve the insertion of pigments under the skin to create permanent marks†, branding is implemented in order to lower an individuals status, to punish for crimes committed, to identify slaves, but most importantly, to eliminate personal identity (Schildkrout 2004:323). â€Å"The immutable alteration of human skin by branding needs to be considered in relation to, but ought not be confused with, tattooing† (Bianchi 1988:27). Two recent studies originating in South Africa elaborate on this subject, reporting on the political influence of tattooing â€Å"as a means of social control† (Schildkrout 2004:330). They site examples from Zambia in which a medical practitioner travels around to villages â€Å"in which witch craft accusations have been common†¦to inoculate people against people against witch craft† (Schildkrout 2004:331). The villagers would â€Å"submit to bodily inspections†, they were then treated â€Å"by getting numbers tattooed on their arms† (Schildkrout 2004:331). This is disturbingly reminiscent of Nazi concentration camps when an unfathomable number of Jewish people lost their personal identities and became known as only a number in the system to be disposed of. This â€Å"symbolic denial of personhood† served as a system â€Å"of control and surveillance† (Schildkrout 2004:323). This system of control was also imposed by â€Å"authoritarian regimes† in Southeast Asia (Schildkrout 2004:323). The Zhou and Ming Dynasties branded criminals as a form of punishment with â€Å"extensive, often full-body tattoos, with elaborate pictorial imagery as well as written inscriptions† (Schildkrout 2004:324) portraying their crime. This form of tattooing is definitely contrary to traditional methods. Similarly in Brazil, branding was used to mark convicts by the penal authorities. Penal tattoos derived their power from subjugation of the marked convicts. The humiliation of being visibly branded was a significant component of the convict’s punishment. In an act of resistance, those that had been branded â€Å"were known to reclaim their bodies by writing over the inscriptions or by displaying them in new social situations† (Schildkrout 2004:324). The branded, therefore, became the empowered, restoring the function of the tattoo to being personally-motivated. This personal motivation is perhaps most notable in Western cultures, specifically North America. In America, the Native Americans used body painting in many ways, usually connected with ethnic identity, social roles or marital status (Rubin 1988:179). The Natives also used the body as a canvas in ritualistic ceremonies, on warriors going into battle and for the beautification of their women. When the Europeans discovered America, they brought with them slaves from Africa and they introduced branding of the slaves into the American culture. After the civil war, when the slaves had been freed, branding was still embedded in American culture through groups of people including gang members and convicts. Though â€Å"branding is often associated with involuntary marking and the denial of personhood†, it has also â€Å"been adopted in contemporary Western body culture as an assertion of group identity, for example in college fraternities† (Schildkrout 2004:323). Tattoos were also prevalent in other parts of America, including Alaska. Among the Eskimos â€Å"[t]he function of these art forms [was] – essentially manifesting one’s place or role within the hierarchy of hunting life† (Gritton 1988:190). With the introduction and adaptation of the western civilization in Alaskan culture, â€Å"the marks of a hunter or hunter’s wife served no purpose in their new lives and were understandably abandoned† (Gritton 1988:190). The function of body art and tattooing has been Americanized, evolving from its native origins to incorporate self expression. This self expression has mushroomed from a manor of identifying oneself to a way of gaining attention through shock value. Though ever-changing, all forms of body art mentioned play enormous roles in the lives of people. Certain non-Western cultures are based around the ability to use skin as a visible way of defining status or bettering their self-image, in order to attract companions. So the artists who are allowed to perform the act of adorning bodies with different designs are regarded as having a very important place in the society. They are â€Å"scarring specialist† (Faris 1988:35), â€Å"body artists† (Drewal 1988:84), but most importantly, they are known as â€Å"[the] one-who-creates- art† (Drewal 1988:84). In the non-Native American culture, however, the general attitude towards tattoo artist in present-day American culture is less than appreciative. Extreme critics even characterize tattooist as opportunist, exclusively seeking monetary gain (Sanders 1988:229). â€Å"The tattooist interest in artistry and control is often in conflict with his profit orientation†, revealing the major flaw within the American society (Sanders 1988:229). This is the major difference in western and non-western cultures. Body tattoos in western society are an object to be purchased. Americans obtain tattoos in the same manner that they acquire a new Louis Vuitton handbag. They purchase them as accessories, which is in stark contrast to the non-western cultures, who acquire tattoos as an essential ritual in their society. With this is mind, the process in which American’s purchases body art seems slightly ridiculous. Tattoo artists often complain of the unwillingness of customers to spend the quoted amount of money for â€Å"a tattoo [they] are going to wear for the rest of [their] life† (Sanders 1988:229). It is more acceptable in American culture to invest in short term materialistic purchases, therefore the legitimate tattoo artists are constantly being monitored and regimented under strict laws imposed by the government. Despite the absurdity of the purchasing process, the reasoning that propels the American society to obtain tattoos is just as flawed. Some reasons people give to explain permanently marking their skin include, â€Å"they were drunk, it’s a macho thing, to fit in with a crowd or even worse, for no reason at all† (DeMello 1995:42). Western society seems to have a complete disregard for the spiritual origins of body art. Tattoo artist are even witness to clients’ apathy, avoiding â€Å"working on people who are obviously under the influence of alcohol† (Sanders 1988:225). Where once there was a ceremonious celebration deeply rooted in spiritualism, in American society the only ritualistic ceremony is the receiving of a piece of paper on how to care for the recently acquired body art. This apathetic attitude of Americans is perhaps derived from the renouncing majority of the population. This bias stems from â€Å"very early ‘regulations’ [including] Moses’ remarks in Leviticus 19:28 forbidding any cuttings in the flesh or the printing of any marks† (Armstrong 2005:39). Since tattoos â€Å"were not sanctioned by the church† the profile for the tattooed archetype became unconventional (Schildkrout 2004:325). Christian belief has been adapted to the masses, forcing those who are tattooed into rebellion. The majority of people adopting body art include â€Å"bikers, convicts, and other ‘low lives’† (DeMello 1995:40). In Western society â€Å"the idea that the unmarked body as a sign of God’s work was linked to the Protestant reformation† and â€Å"the idea that body markings were a sign of savagery goes back even earlier† ( Schildkrout 2004:324). This is ironic considering tattoos in earlier cultures signified positions of high status. Perhaps the only entity that ties these drastic cultures together is the desire to increase their inherited beauty. â€Å"If the body is – metaphorically – a site of inscription to various degrees for various theorist, then cosmetic surgery can be seen, at one level, as an example of the literal and explicit enactment of this process of inscription† ( Schildkrout 2004:320), which is also seen in the aforementioned tribes with the rituals of scarification. DeMello also agrees that along with tattooing and piericing, that cosmetic surgery is seen as a form of â€Å"body modification† (DeMello 1995:37). â€Å"Not only does the tattooed skin negotiate between the individual and society and between different social groups, but also mediates relations between persons and spirits, the human and the divine† (Schildkrout 2004:321). Body art is a tradition that extends throughout the barriers of the world and although the forms in which they are found may be different, the idea of using your body as a canvas is universal. Although recently, several anthropologists agreed and have begun to examine body art more closely, looking at it â€Å"as a microcosm of society† (Schildkrout 2004:328), Roberts still believes that â€Å"there can be no ultimate explanation of symbolism† (Roberts 1988:51). He claims that â€Å"the blazes on trees in the Ndembu forest will remain many years after their purpose and meaning are forgotten. So it is with other inscriptions† (Roberts 1988:51). This is exemplified in the woman who endured the agonizing pain of her scarification to instigate a new chapter in her life. Nevertheless, soon after her body is placed into the ground, her skin will no longer be a visible indication of who she once was. She will become a memory and her body will no longer be used as a canvas.